Simple Matrix Rotation
Easy
Given a square matrix (2D array) of n x n dimensions, rotate it by 90 degrees in a clockwise direction without utilizing any extra space.
Example:
Input:
[
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
]
Output:
[
[7,4,1],
[8,5,2],
[9,6,3]
]
Example 1
Input
[ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8, 9 ] ]
Output
[ [ 7, 4, 1 ], [ 8, 5, 2 ], [ 9, 6, 3 ] ]
Explanation. The matrix is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees, transforming each row into a column in reversed order.
Example 2
Input
[ [ 1 ] ]
Output
[ [ 1 ] ]
Explanation. A 1x1 matrix rotated in any direction stays the same.
Example 3
Input
[ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
Output
[ [ 3, 1 ], [ 4, 2 ] ]
Explanation. The 2x2 matrix rotates each row into a column in reversed position.
Example 4
Input
[ [ 5, 17, 4, 1 ], [ 2, 5, 0, 19 ], [ 15, 8, 7, 3 ], [ 9, 14, 12, 10 ] ]
Output
[ [ 9, 15, 2, 5 ], [ 14, 8, 5, 17 ], [ 12, 7, 0, 4 ], [ 10, 3, 19, 1 ] ]
Explanation. Every element has been moved according to a 90 degree clockwise rotation.
Follow-up: Can you extend this solution to handle the rotation of the matrix by 180 and 270 degrees as well?
Constraints:
1. The matrix will contain integer elements only. 2. The matrix dimensions will be n x n where n is at least 1 and at most 20.
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